Cascadia Ridge BESS — Toxic Gas Dispersion Model

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SE 5 mph

MODEL DISCLAIMER

Gaussian plume approximation using peer-reviewed emission data. Actual dispersion depends on terrain, temperature, humidity, and turbulence. Conservative assumptions used throughout.

Dispersion Controls

Scenario

Failure Scale

Wind

Direction (blowing FROM) Speed: 5 mph

Atmospheric Stability

Battery Chemistry

Exposure Zones — Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)

AEGL-3 — Life-threatening / lethal

≥ 44 ppm

AEGL-2 — Serious / irreversible effects

≥ 12 ppm

IDLH — Immediately dangerous to health

≥ 30 ppm

AEGL-1 — Irritation / discomfort

≥ 1 ppm

EPA / DOT ERG Isolation Zone

330 ft

Model Parameters

Sources: Nature Scientific Reports (2017), EPRI Air Plume Modeling (2024), EPA AEGL Program, NFPA 855, UL 9540A test data. HF emission factor: 20–200 mg/Wh (Larsson et al., Ribière et al.). Gaussian plume with Pasquill-Gifford stability classes.

MODEL DISCLAIMER

Gaussian plume approximation using peer-reviewed emission data. Actual dispersion depends on terrain, temperature, humidity, and turbulence. Conservative assumptions used throughout. Not a substitute for professional AERMOD or CFD analysis.

Scenario

Wind Direction (from)

Wind Speed: 5 mph

Stability

Chemistry

Exposure Zones — HF

AEGL-3 — Life-threatening

≥ 44 ppm

AEGL-2 — Serious effects

≥ 12 ppm

IDLH — Immediate danger

≥ 30 ppm

AEGL-1 — Irritation

≥ 1 ppm

EPA / DOT ERG Isolation Zone

330 ft

Model Parameters

Sources: Nature Scientific Reports (2017), EPRI (2024), EPA AEGL, NFPA 855, UL 9540A. HF: 20–200 mg/Wh (Larsson et al., Ribière et al.).